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Henry Ford
Henry Ford ,who was the son of Irish immigrants ,William and Mary Ford ,was born in Michigan ,ABD on July 1863.He is sometimes called "the father of assembly lines used in mass production".Ford ,who was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company, became one of the richest and best-known people in the world.He realized that there must be a more efficient way to mass produce cars in order to lower the price.He looked at other industries and found four principles that would further their goal:
-interchangeable parts
-continuous flow
-division of labor
-reducing wasted effort
Assembly Line:
Assembly line was Henry Ford's masterpiece.Without it, not many of us would have cars in fact none of us would probably have a car.It all goes to the curious man known as Henry Ford who died of old age. Although his company was almost bankrupt, he made history in the Industrial Revolution.Traditional assembly lines had come under criticism from those concerned with their effects on workers, but industrial robots now perform many of the repetitive tasks. Recent variations on the assembly-line process, such as teams of workers responsible for multiple steps, have increased productivity and employee interest.
automotive assembly line
Division of Labor:
Division of labour is the specialisation of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase the productivity of labour. Historically the growth of a more and more complex division of labour is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialisation processes. Later, the division of labour reached the level of a scientifically-based management practice with the time and motion studies associated with Taylorism.The productivity gains of the division of labor are important within any type of production process, ranging from pin manufacture to software production to legal practice and medical care.
The division of labor makes trade necessary and is the source of economic interdependence.
Mass production is the creation of many products in a short period of time using time-saving techniques such as assembly lines and specialization. It allows a manufacturer to produce more per worker-hour, and to lower the labor cost of the end product. This in turn allows the product to be sold for a lower cost.
Prior to the wide-spread adoption of mass production techniques, a craftsman built a product from start to finish. This meant that he had to know all aspects of the assembly of the product, including the creation of the individual parts. A cabinetry craftsman, for instance, would have to be able to cut and finish the individual pieces, piece them together, affix the hardware and create whatever decorative effects such as marquetry or inlaid work the finished piece might require. Using mass production techniques, one worker might be responsible for cutting the boards, another for finishing them to size, a third for building the shelving hardware, and so on.
Mass production began during the Industrial Revolution, but took a great leap forward with the innovation of the assembly line, a conveyor that moved the product from one workman to another, with each individual adding their specialty part to the growing whole. On an assembly line, each worker only had to know how to affix or adjust one specific part, and therefore could keep only those tools and parts necessary for his particular task on hand.
Assembly lines brought a great decrease in time to a finished product, yet was attended by a number of less pleasant consequences. Over-specialization meant that individual workers had less marketable skills, which effectively enslaved them to a particular line. Mass production also led to increased incidence of repetitive stress syndrome; the repeated motions of doing the same task hundreds of times a day led to many workers living in pain much of the time. Increasingly, mass production assembly work is being taken over by special-purpose robotics, freeing many workers from the often backbreaking labor, yet resulting in less manufacturing jobs for the workers to compete for.
references:
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/ford.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0805067.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_labor
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